1. Find the passengers of each country.
2. What is the percentage of British people?
Total Passengers = 400
Percentage of Pakistani Passengers = 52%
Percentage of Chinese Passengers = 17%
Percentage of Iranian Passengers = 12%
Cars= 800
Percentage = 80%
Number of Pakistan Cars=?
A black hole is a region of space-time where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it. It is a singularity, a point of infinite density, where the laws of physics as we know them break down. Black holes are some of the most mysterious and fascinating objects in the universe, and studying them can help us better understand the nature of gravity, space, and time.
Formation of Black Holes:
Black holes can be formed in several ways, but the most common method is through the collapse of a massive star. When a massive star runs out of fuel, it can no longer generate enough pressure to counteract the force of gravity. The star’s core collapses under its own weight, and if the mass of the core is greater than about three times that of the sun, it will continue to collapse until it becomes a singularity, surrounded by an event horizon – the point of no return. This creates a black hole.
Another way that black holes can be formed is through the collision of two neutron stars, which are the collapsed cores of massive stars. When two neutron stars collide, the resulting object can be massive enough to collapse into a black hole.
Discovering Black Holes:
Black holes cannot be directly observed, as they do not emit any light or radiation that can be detected. Instead, their presence is inferred through their gravitational effects on nearby matter. When a black hole is near a star, it can pull gas and dust from the star’s outer layers, creating a disk of material that is heated to high temperatures and emits X-rays. These X-rays can be detected by telescopes and used to infer the presence of a black hole.
Another way that black holes can be detected is through their gravitational effects on nearby objects. When a black hole passes close to another star or a planet, its gravity can cause the orbit of the object to change. These changes can be measured and used to infer the presence of a black hole.
In addition, black holes can be detected through gravitational waves, ripples in space-time that are caused by the acceleration of massive objects. When two black holes merge, they emit a burst of gravitational waves that can be detected by instruments such as the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO).
Types of Black Holes:
There are three types of black holes, based on their size and mass:
1. Stellar Black Holes: These are the smallest type of black holes, with masses ranging from a few times that of the sun to around 20 times that of the sun. They are formed by the collapse of a single massive star.
2. Intermediate Black Holes: These are intermediate in size, with masses ranging from around 100 to 100,000 times that of the sun. Their origins are not well understood, but they may be formed through the collision of multiple stars.
3. Supermassive Black Holes: These are the largest type of black holes, with masses ranging from hundreds of thousands to billions of times that of the sun. They are found at the centers of most galaxies, including our own Milky Way galaxy. The origins of supermassive black holes are still not well understood.
In conclusion, black holes are some of the most fascinating and mysterious objects in the universe. They are formed through the collapse of massive stars or the collision of multiple stars, and their presence is inferred through their gravitational effects on nearby matter. While they cannot be directly observed, their study can help us better understand the nature of gravity, space, and time.
Bats and whales are considered mammals because they share several key characteristics with other mammals. These characteristics include:
1. Mammary Glands: All mammals, including bats and whales, have mammary glands that produce milk to nourish their young.
2. Hair/Fur: Most mammals, including bats and whales, have hair or fur on their bodies that provides insulation and protection.
3. Warm-Blooded: Mammals are warm-blooded, meaning they can regulate their body temperature internally, which allows them to live in a wide range of environments.
4. Three Middle Ear Bones: Mammals have three middle ear bones, which help to transmit sound waves from the outer ear to the inner ear. This allows for a more efficient hearing mechanism.
5. Live Birth: Most mammals give birth to live young, rather than laying eggs.
Bats and whales are also unique in their adaptations to their specific environments. Bats are the only mammals capable of sustained flight, which has allowed them to occupy a unique ecological niche. They have wings formed from modified arms and elongated fingers that are covered with skin, forming a lightweight and flexible membrane that enables them to fly.
Whales, on the other hand, are adapted to life in the water. They have streamlined bodies, a layer of blubber for insulation, and powerful tail fins for propulsion. Their limbs have been modified into flippers, and their nostrils have moved to the top of their head to form a blowhole, which allows them to breathe while swimming.
In conclusion, bats and whales are considered mammals because they share key characteristics with other mammals, such as mammary glands, hair/fur, warm-bloodedness, three middle ear bones, and live birth. They are also adapted to their unique environments in ways that make them highly specialized and successful in their ecological niches.
Q: 3(a)(i) CSS GSA 2023 Solved – Why the bat and whale are considered as mammals? Read More »
Wildfires are unplanned fires that burn in natural areas such as forests, grasslands, or prairies. They can be started by a variety of sources such as lightning, human-caused activities, and even spontaneous combustion. Once ignited, wildfires can spread quickly and become difficult to control, posing a threat to both people and wildlife.
Types of Wildfires:
There are three main types of wildfires: ground fires, surface fires, and crown fires.
1. Ground Fires: Ground fires are the most common type of wildfire and can burn for days or even weeks. They occur on or beneath the forest floor and can smolder for long periods, making them difficult to detect and control. Ground fires are typically started by lightning strikes or can be caused by human activities such as campfires.
2. Surface Fires: Surface fires occur when flames burn through surface vegetation such as grass, shrubs, and small trees. These types of fires are relatively easy to control and typically do not cause as much damage as other types of wildfires.
3. Crown Fires: Crown fires are the most dangerous type of wildfire and can cause extensive damage to forests and other natural areas. They occur when flames burn through the tops of trees and can spread quickly, often driven by strong winds. Crown fires can be started by lightning strikes or by human activities such as campfires or cigarettes.
Causes of Wildfires:
Wildfires can be caused by a variety of factors, including natural events and human activities.
1. Natural Causes: Lightning is one of the most common natural causes of wildfires. When lightning strikes a tree or other vegetation, it can ignite a fire. Other natural causes of wildfires include volcanic eruptions, spontaneous combustion, and the buildup of flammable gases in coal seams.
2. Human Causes: Human activities are responsible for the majority of wildfires around the world. These activities can include campfires, fireworks, cigarettes, sparks from machinery, and intentional arson. In some cases, wildfires can also be caused by accidents, such as electrical failures or car crashes that ignite fires.
Spread of Wildfires:
Several factors can contribute to the spread of wildfires, including weather conditions, the amount of available fuel, and the terrain of the area.
1. Weather Conditions: Hot and dry conditions can create the perfect conditions for wildfires to spread quickly. High temperatures, low humidity, and strong winds can all contribute to the rapid spread of fires.
2. Available Fuel: The amount of available fuel in an area can also impact the behavior of wildfires. Dead vegetation, fallen trees, and other dry materials are particularly prone to burning and can create additional fuel for the fire to consume.
3. Terrain: The terrain of an area can also play a role in the spread of wildfires. For example, steep slopes can create a “chimney effect” that can accelerate the fire’s spread. Strong winds can also carry embers and start new fires, making it difficult to control the fire’s spread.
Prevention of Wildfires:
There are several measures that can be taken to prevent wildfires and reduce the risk of their spread. Some of these measures include:
1. Campfire Safety: When camping, ensure that campfires are only lit in designated areas and are completely extinguished before leaving. Never leave a campfire unattended, and avoid burning flammable materials such as paper or cardboard.
2. Machinery and Vehicles: Use caution when operating machinery or vehicles that can create sparks. Regular maintenance of machinery and vehicles can also help reduce the risk of fires.
3. Weather Conditions: Be mindful of weather conditions and avoid activities that can cause sparks during hot and dry conditions. Follow local burn bans and regulations, and do not light fires during high winds.
4. Defensible Space: Create defensible space around homes and buildings by clearing dry vegetation and other materials that can fuel fires. This can include clearing brush, removing dead trees, and keeping roofs and gutters free of debris.
5. Fire-resistant Landscaping: Landscaping with fire-resistant plants can also help reduce the risk of wildfires. These types of plants have a higher moisture content and are less prone to burning than other types of vegetation.
6. Education and Awareness: Educating the public about the dangers of wildfires and how to prevent them can also help reduce the risk of fires. This can include providing information on campfire safety, burn bans and regulations, and how to report wildfires.
In addition to these prevention measures, firefighting efforts are also critical in controlling and extinguishing wildfires. This can include the use of fire retardants, water drops from aircraft, and ground crews working to create fire lines and contain the fire.
In conclusion, wildfires are a significant threat to natural environments, ecosystems, and human populations around the world. While they can be caused by natural events, human activities are responsible for the majority of wildfires. Weather conditions, available fuel, and terrain can all contribute to the spread of fires, making prevention efforts critical. By following safety measures, creating defensible space, and educating the public on fire prevention, the risk of wildfires can be significantly reduced, and the damage they cause can be minimized.
(i) 4, 16, 36, 64, ?, 144.
(ii) 30, 29, 27, ?, 20, 15
(iii) 1, 7, 15, 25, ?, 51
(iv) 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, ?
(v) 48, 24, 72, 36, 108, ?
(i) 4, 16, 36, 64, ?, 144.
Square of Even Numbers
22 = 4
42 = 16
62 = 36
82 = 64
102 = 100
122 = 144
|
4 |
16 |
36 |
64 |
100 |
144 |
|
Square of 2 |
Square of 4 |
Square of 6 |
Square of 8 |
Square of 10 |
Square of 12 |
|
22 |
42 |
62 |
82 |
102 |
122 |
(ii) 30, 29, 27, ?, 20, 15
Subtract 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,….
30 – 29 = 1
29 – 27 = 2
27 – 24 = 3
24 – 20 = 4
20 – 15 = 5
|
30 |
29 |
27 |
24 |
20 |
15 |
|
Subtract 1 |
Subtract 2 |
Subtract 3 |
Subtract 4 |
Subtract 5 |
Subtract 6 |
|
30-1 |
29-2 |
27-3 |
24-4 |
20-5 |
15-6 |
(iii) 1, 7, 15, 25, ?, 51
Addition of even numbers starting from 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, …
1 + 6 = 7
7 + 8 = 15
15 + 10 = 25
25 + 12 = 37
37 + 14 = 51
|
1 |
7 |
15 |
25 |
37 |
51 |
|
Addition of 6 |
Addition of 8 |
Addition of 10 |
Addition of 12 |
Addition of 14 |
Addition of 16 |
|
1+6 |
7+8 |
15+10 |
25+12 |
37+14 |
51+16 |
(iv) 0, 2, 6, 12, 20, 30, ?
Addition of even numbers: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12
0 + 2 = 2
2 + 4 = 6
6 + 6 = 12
12 + 8 = 20
20 + 10 = 30
30 + 12 = 42
|
0 |
2 |
6 |
12 |
20 |
30 |
42 |
|
Addition of 2 |
Addition of 4 |
Addition of 6 |
Addition of 8 |
Addition of 10 |
Addition of 12 |
Addition of 14 |
|
0+2 |
2+4 |
6+6 |
12+8 |
20+10 |
30+12 |
42+14 |
(v) 48, 24, 72, 36, 108, ?
Divide first term by 2 and get second term, third by 2 and get fourth and so on.
48/2=24
72/2=36
108/2=54
|
48 |
24 |
72 |
36 |
108 |
54 |
|
Divide by 2 |
Divide by 2 |
Divide by 2 |
|||
|
48/2 |
72/2 |
108/2 |
Q: 7(b) CSS GSA 2022 Solved – Find the missing number in the series below: Read More »
(i) 1, 8, 4, 27, 9, ?
(ii) 3, 6, 8, 16, 18, ?
(iii) 2, 8, 512, ?
(iv) 81, 9, 64, 8, ?, 12
(v) 6, 11, 21, 36, 56, ?
Square and Cube Series
1 square of 1
8 cube of 2
4 square of 2
27 cube of 3
9 square of 3
64 cube of 4
|
1 |
8 |
4 |
27 |
9 |
64 |
16 |
|
Square of 1 |
Cube of 2 |
Square of 2 |
Cube of 3 |
Square of 3 |
Cube of 4 |
Square of 4 |
|
12 |
23 |
22 |
33 |
32 |
43 |
42 |
Multiplication and addition series
3 x 2 = 6
6 + 2 = 8
8 x 2 = 16
16 + 2 = 18
18 x 2 =36
|
3 |
6 |
8 |
16 |
18 |
36 |
|
Multiply by 2 |
Addition of 2 |
Multiply by 2 |
Addition of 2 |
Multiply by 2 |
Addition of 2 |
|
3 x 2 |
6 + 2 |
8 x 2 |
16 + 2 |
18 x 2 |
36 + 2 |
Cube Series:
2 x 2 x 2 = 8
8 x 8 x 8 = 512
512 x 512 x 512 = 134217728
|
2 |
8 |
512 |
|
Cube of 2 |
Cube of 8 |
Cube of 512 |
|
23 |
83 |
5123 |
Square Root Series:
√81=9
√64=8
√144=12
|
81 |
9 |
64 |
8 |
144 |
12 |
|
Square Root of 9 |
Square Root of 9 |
Square Root of 9 |
|||
|
√81 |
√64 |
√144 |
|
Addition of Multiples of 5
6 + 5 = 11
11 + 10 = 21
21 + 15 = 36
36 + 20 = 56
56 + 25 = 81
|
6 |
11 |
21 |
36 |
56 |
81 |
|
Addition of 5 |
Addition of 10 |
Addition of 15 |
Addition of 20 |
Addition of 25 |
Addition of 30 |
|
6 + 5 |
11 + 10 |
21 + 15 |
36 + 20 |
56 + 25 |
81 + 30 |
Q: 6(b) CSS GSA 2023 Solved – Find the missing number in the series below: Read More »
Formulas To be Used In Order To Solve This Problem
Gain % = (Gain X 100)/(C.P)
Gain = S.P – C.P
Given:
C.P = Rs. 36800
Gain% = 8.5%
To Find:
S.P = ?
Solution:
Gain % = (Gain X 100)/(C.P)
8.5 = (Gain X 100)/(36800 )
(8.5 X 36800)/100 = Gain
Gain = 3128
So,
Gain=S.P-C.P
or
Gain + C.P = S.P
3128+36800= S.P
S.P = 39928
Ali Sold The Oven For Rs. 39928 at a gain of 8.5%.
(i) ‘8’
(ii) an even number
(iii) a perfect square
(iv) a negative number
(v) a number less than 13
Since, Sample Space or
S=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
Then,
(i) ‘8’
Solution:
S=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
Let A be the event selecting ‘8’, then n(A)=8
P(A)=(n(A))/(n(S))
P(A)=1/12
As 8 numbered card is only one in the box, so the Probability of drawing a
card ‘8’ from box will be 1/12
(ii) an even number
Solution:
S=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
Let A be the event selecting ‘even number’, then n(A)=2,4,6,8,10,12
P(A)=(n(A))/(n(S))
P(A)=6/12
P(A)=1/2
As Even number cards is six in the box, so the Probability of drawing a card an even number from box will be 1/2
(iii) a perfect square
Solution:
S=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
Let A be the event selecting ‘a perfect square’, then n(A)=1, 4, 9
P(A)=(n(A))/(n(S))
P(A)=3/12
P(A)=1/4
As a perfect square number cards is 3 in the box, so the Probability of drawing a card a
perfect square from box will be 1/4
(iv) a negative number
Solution:
S=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
Let A be the event selecting ‘a negative number’, then n(A)=0
P(A)=(n(A))/(n(S))
P(A)=0/12
P(A)=0
As there is no any negative number card in the box, so the Probability of drawing a card a negative number from box will be 0
(v) a number less than 13
Solution:
S=1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12
Let A be the event selecting ‘a number less than 13’, then n(A)=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
P(A)=(n(A))/(n(S))
P(A)= 12/12
P(A)= 1
As all numbers in the box are less than 13, so the Probability of drawing a card a
Number less than 13 from box will be 1.