Complusory Subjects

CSS Solved Passage 2012

Q: Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. Use your own language.

Human Beings feel afraid of death just as children feel afraid of darkness; and just as children’s fear of darkness is increased by the stories which they have heard about ghosts and thieves, human beings’ fear of death is increased by the stories which they have heard about the agony of the dying man. If a human being regards death as a kind of punishment for the sins he has committed and if he looks upon death as a means of making an entry into another world, he is certainly taking a religious and sacred view of death. But if a human being looks upon death as a law of nature and then feels afraid of it, his attitude is one of cowardice. However, even in religious meditation about death there is something a mixture of folly and superstition. Monks have written books in which they have described the painful experience which they underwent by inflicting physical tortures upon themselves as a form of self-purification. Such books may lead one to think that, if the pain of even a finger being squeezed or pressed is unbearable, the pains of death must be indescribably agonizing. Such books thus increase a Man’s fear of death.

Seneca, a Roman Philosopher, expressed the view that the circumstances and ceremonies of death frighten people more than death itself would do. A dying man is heard uttering groans; his body is seen undergoing convulsions; his face appears to be absolutely bloodless and pale; at his death his friends begin to weep and his relations put on mourning clothes; various rituals are performed. All these facts make death appear more horrible than it would be otherwise.

Solved Passage

1. What is the difference between human beings’ fear of death and children’s fear of darkness?
A: The difference between human’s fear of death and children’s fear of darkness is due to the difference in their stories they hear. Children read and listen the stories of ghosts and thieves. Therefore, they fear from darkness. On the other hand, human beings read and listen the stories about death and life after death. Thus, they fear from death.

2. What is a religious and sacred view of death?
A: The religious and sacred view of death is that death is merely change from one world to another.
 
3. What are the painful experiences described by the Monks in their books?
A: The painful experiences described by the Monks in their books are the physical violence on oneself in order to achieve self-purification. These stories increase the fear of death.
 
4. What are the views of Seneca about death?
A: The views of Seneca about death are rituals and the atmosphere at the time of death. According to Seneca, these rituals increase the fear of death in human more than the death itself.
 
5. What are the facts that make death appear more horrible than it would be otherwise?
A: The appearances of dying man, the crying of friends and family, and the rituals and ceremonies are the facts that make death more horrible than it would be otherwise.
 
 

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CSS Solved Translation 2019

Q: Translate the following into English by keeping in view figurative/idiomatic expressions.

پاکستان، افغانستان میں امن کے لیے پر عزم ہے کیونکہ افغانستان میں امن، پاکستان کے لیے انتہائی اہم ہے۔ تاریخی تناظر میں دیکھا جائے تو پاکستان اور افغانستان پڑوسی برادر اسلامی ملک ہونے کے ناتے تاریخی، ثقافتی، لسانی رشتوں میں جڑے ہوئے ہیں۔ یہ رشتے اٹوٹ ہیں، دونوں کا انحصار ایک دوسرے پر ہے اور دونوں الگ الگ رہ بھی نہیں سکتے۔ پاکستان کا موقف روز اول سے یہی رہا ہے کہ افغان مسئلے کا سیاسی حل نکالا جائے۔ اس موقف کی حمایت چین بھی کرتا ہے۔ اس ضمن میں چین نے کہا ہے کہ افغان تنازع کا افغان قیادت میں ہونے والے امن مذاکرات سے ہی حل ممکن ہے۔ پاکستان اور چین اسٹریجک شراکت داری کے لیے افغان تنازع کو مذاکرات کے ذریعے حل کرنے میں اپنا کردار ادا کریں گے۔

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Precis Writing – Rules, Tips, and Questions

Precis Writing is a part of the descriptive paper conducted for various competitive and Government exams under the English Language section. 

In this article, we shall discuss at length about what is precis writing, the important points that need to be kept in mind while writing a precis, the Dos and Don’ts, followed by some sample precis writing examples and questions.  

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Full Length Essay on Real Development should transform people’s lives, not just economic statistics

I. Introduction

Real development is people-centric development and economic indicators are mere numbers.

II. How can the term 'Real Development' be conceptualized?

III. What are economic indicators of development?

  1. GDP
  2. Foreign Exchange Reserves
  3. Stock Market Index
  4. National Debt
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Full Length Essay on Real Development should transform people’s lives, not just economic statistics Read More »

CSS Solved Precis 2019

Q. 2. Write a précis of the following passage and also suggest a suitable title:

I think modern educational theorists are inclined to attach too much importance to the negative virtue of not interfering with children, and too little to the positive merit of enjoying their company. If you have the sort of liking for children that many people have for horses or dogs, they will be apt to respond to your suggestions, and to accept prohibitions, perhaps with some good-humoured grumbling, but without resentment. It is no use to have the sort of liking that consists in regarding them as a field for valuable social endeavour, or what amounts to the same thing as an outlet for power-impulses. No child will be grateful for an interest in him that springs from the thought that he will have a vote to be secured for your party or a body to be sacrificed to king and country. The desirable sort of interest is that which consists in spontaneous pleasure in the presence of children, without any ulterior purpose. Teachers who have this quality will seldom need to interfere with children’s freedom, but will be able to do so, when necessary, without causing psychological damage.

Unfortunately, it is utterly impossible for over-worked teachers to preserve an instinctive liking for children; they are bound to come to feel towards them as the proverbial confectioner’s apprentice does towards macaroons. I do not think that education ought to be anyone’s whole profession: it should be undertaken for at most two hours a day by people whose remaining hours are spent away from children. The society of the young is fatiguing, especially when strict discipline is avoided. Fatigue, in the end, produces irritation, which is likely to express itself somehow, whatever theories the harassed teacher may have taught himself or herself to believe. The necessary friendliness cannot be preserved by self-control alone. But where it exists, it should be unnecessary to have rules in advance as to how “naughty” children are to be treated, since impulse is likely to lead to the right decision, and almost any decision will be right if the child feels that you like him. No rules, however wise, are a substitute for affection and tact.

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CSS Solved Precis 2016

Q. 2. Write a précis of the following passage in about 120 words and suggest a suitable title:

During my vacation last May, I had a hard time choosing a tour. Flights to Japan, Hong Kong and Australia are just too common. What I wanted was somewhere exciting and exotic, a place where I could be spared from the holiday tour crowds. I was so happy when John called up, suggesting a trip to Cherokee, a county in the state of Oklahoma. I agreed and went off with the preparation immediately.

We took a flight to Cherokee and visited a town called Qualla Boundary surrounded by magnificent mountain scenery, the town painted a paradise before us. With its Oconaluftee Indian Village reproducing tribal crafts and lifestyles of the 18th century and the outdoor historical pageant Unto These Hills playing six times weekly in the summer nights, Qualla Boundary tries to present a brief image of the Cherokee past to the tourists.

Despite the language barrier, we managed to find our way to the souvenir shops with the help of the natives. The shops were filled with rubber tomahawks and colorful traditional war bonnets, made of dyed turkey feathers. Tepees, coneshaped tents made from animal skin, were also pitched near the shops. “Welcome! Want to get anything?” We looked up and saw a middle-aged man smiling at us. We were very surprised by his fluent English. He introduced himself as George and we ended up chatting till lunch time when he invited us for lunch at a nearby coffee shop.

“Sometimes, I’ve to work from morning to sunset during the tour season. Anyway, this is still better off than being a woodcutter …” Remembrance weighed heavy on George’s mind and he went on to tell us that he used to cut firewood for a living but could hardly make ends meet. We learnt from him that the Cherokees do not depend solely on trade for survival. During the tour off-peak period, the tribe would have to try out other means for income. One of the successful ways is the “Bingo Weekend”. On the Friday afternoons of the Bingo weekends, a large bingo hall was opened, attracting huge crowds of people to the various kinds of games like the Super Jackpot and the Warrior Game Special. According to George, these forms of entertainment fetch them great returns.

Our final stop in Qualla Boundary was at the museum where arts, ranging from the simple hand-woven oak baskets to wood and stone carvings of wolves, ravens and other symbols of Cherokee cosmology are displayed. Back at home, I really missed the place and I would of course look forward to the next trip to another exotic place.

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CSS Solved Precis 2011

Q.2. Make a précis of the given passage and suggest a suitable heading:

The Psychological causes of unhappiness, it is clear, are many and various. But all have something in common. The typical unhappy man is one who having been deprived in youth of some normal satisfaction, has come to value this one kind of satisfaction more than any other, and has, therefore, given to his life a one-sided direction, together with a quite undue emphasis upon the achievement as opposed to the activities connected with it. There is, however, a further development which is very common in the present day. A man may feel so completely thwarted that he seeks no form of satisfaction, but only distraction and oblivion. He then becomes a devotee of “Pleasure”. That is to say, he seeks to make life bearable by becoming less alive. Drunkenness, for example, is temporary suicide; the happiness that it brings is merely negative, a momentary cessation of unhappiness. The narcissist and the megalomaniac believe that happiness is possible, though they may adopt mistaken means of achieving it; but the man who seeks intoxication, in whatever form, has given up hope except in oblivion. In his case the first thing to be done is to persuade him that happiness is desirable. Men, who are unhappy, like men who sleep badly, are always proud of the fact. Perhaps their pride is like that of the fox who had lost his tail; if so, the way to cure it is to point out to them how they can grow a new tail. Very few men, I believe, will deliberately choose unhappiness if they see a way of being happy. I do not deny that such men exist, but they are not sufficiently numerous to be important. It is common in our day, as it has been in many other periods of the world’s history, to suppose that those among us who are wise have seen through all the enthusiasms of earlier times and have become aware that there is nothing left to live for. The man who hold this view are genuinely unhappy, but they are proud of their unhappiness, which they attribute to the nature of the universe and consider to be the only rational attitude for an enlightened man. Their pride in their unhappiness makes less sophisticated people suspicious of its genuineness; they think that the man who enjoys being miserable is not miserable.

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