Criminology Repeated Questions from 2016-2022

Section I

Define Crime or Criminals or Criminology
Q. No. 3. Define the terms Crime and Criminals. Explain the types of Criminals in detail. (2016)
Q. No. 2. Define Criminology. Discuss the scope of criminology in Pakistan. (2018)

Types of Criminals
Q. No. 3. Define the terms Crime and Criminals. Explain the types of Criminals in detail. (2016)

Scope of Criminology
Q. No. 2. Define Criminology. Discuss the scope of criminology in Pakistan. (2018)

Nature of Criminology
Q. No. 2. Explain the nature and importance of Criminology in detail. (2016)

Importance of Criminology
Q. No. 2. Explain the nature and importance of Criminology in detail. (2016)
Q. No. 2. Write a critical note on the increasing importance of Criminology in Pakistan. Also discuss the historical development of criminology as a scientific discipline. (2017)

Social Issues in Pakistani Society
Q. No. 2. What is the difference between crime, deviance, sin and vice? Do you believe that crime is one of the major social problems of Pakistani society? Discuss. (2022)

Criminology as a discipline or Historical Development of Criminology
Q. No. 2. Write a critical note on the increasing importance of Criminology in Pakistan. Also discuss the historical development of criminology as a scientific discipline. (2017)

Theoretical Perspective
Q. No. 3. Enlist the criminological perspectives. Briefly describe the three criminological perspectives on the study of crime and criminal behaviour. (2017)
Q. No. 3. What is the Islamic perspective on crime and punishment? Explain your answer with the help of proper examples. (2018)
Q. No. 2. Critically analyze the biological theories of criminality. (2021)
Q. No. 2. What is your position on the nature vs nurture debate in criminology? (2020)
Q. No. 3. Discuss the fundamental postulates of Edwin Sutherland’s ‘Differential Association theory’ with examples. (2019)
Q. No. 2. Travis Hirschi argued that crime results when an individual’s bond to society is weak or broken. Discuss in detail what this theory of social bonding explains about crime. (2019)
Q. No. 3. What is the meaning of Anomie? Discuss Robert Merton theory of Anomie in detail. (2022)

Crime and Criminal Behaviour
Q. No. 3. Enlist the criminological perspectives. Briefly describe the three criminological perspectives on the study of crime and criminal behaviour. (2017)
Q. No. 3. (a)How would you classify criminal behaviour? (10 each) (2021)

Miscellaneous
Q. No. 3. Define and explain the following concepts: (05 marks each)
(a) Left realism and right realism (2020)
(b) Phrenology and Physiognomy (2020)
(c) Corporal punishment and capital punishment (2020)
(d) Sociology of Law, Criminal Etiology and Penology (2020)
Q. No. 3. (b)What would be the focus of typology? (10 each) (2021)

Section II

Juvenile Delinquency
Q. No. 5. Write short notes on: (10 each)
(a) Causes of Juvenile delinquency in Pakistan (2017)
Q. No. 4. Write a comprehensive note on the risk and protective factors of juvenile delinquency in Pakistan. (2020)
Q. No. 4. What is juvenile delinquency? Explain the nature, extent and causes of juvenile delinquency in Pakistan. Suggest remedial measures for reducing juvenile delinquency in Pakistan. (2018)
Q. No. 4. Define the term juvenile delinquency. Write a note on the history of juvenile justice system and role of juvenile court in reducing juvenile delinquency. (2022)

Probation
Q. No. 5. Define the term Probation and discuss the conditions of Probation. (2016)
Q. No. 5. Define Juvenile probation. Explain the organization and administration of Juvenile probation services. (2021)
Q. No. 5. Write short notes on: (10 each)
(b) Probation and Parole (2017)

Juvenile Justice System
Q. No. 4. Write a comprehensive note on the Juvenile justice system of Pakistan. Suggest measures for the improvement of the Juvenile justice system of Pakistan. (2017)
Q. No. 4. Define the term juvenile delinquency. Write a note on the history of juvenile justice system and role of juvenile court in reducing juvenile delinquency. (2022)
Q. No. 4. Discuss some of the functions and responsibilities of Juvenile Justice System. Do you believe that Juvenile Justice has played its role in prevention of juvenile crimes in Pakistan? (2019)

Criminal Courts
Q. No. 4. Describe various procedures and problems of Criminal Courts in Pakistan. (2021)

Police or crime control agencies
Q. No. 5. Trace back the history and development of police organization in Pakistan. (2018)
Q. No. 5. In Pakistan, the creation of police finte is a colonial legacy. In which circumstances independent police force was established in the pre-independence era. What major changes have been occurred in the police department in Pakistan? (2022)
Q. No. 4. Write a note on the role of Crime Control Agencies. (2016)

Treatment of Criminals or Rehabilitation
Q. No. 5. How far recidivism has been limited by the institution of prison? Explain some of the modern strategies used in prison for the restoration and reintegration of criminals. (2019)
Q. No. 5. What is recidivism? What kind of institutional modern strategies could be used for the reintegration of the criminals in Pakistan? (2020)

Section III

Principles of Investigation
Q. No. 6. Enlist and discuss the principles of Criminal Investigation. (2016)
Q. No. 6. What is Criminal investigation? Explain the key principles of criminal investigation. (2018)
Q. No. 6. Define criminal investigation and its principles. Highlight with examples the importance of modern techniques used for crime detection in Pakistan. (2020)
Q. No. 6. What are the principles and techniques of interrogation? How far these techniques have potential to clear an accused? (2021)

Techniques of Investigation or Interrogation
Q. No. 6. Define criminal investigation and its principles. Highlight with examples the importance of modern techniques used for crime detection in Pakistan. (2020)
Q. No. 6. Define and differentiate interviewing and interrogation techniques. How far human rights of criminals are being violated during the interrogation process? (2019)
Q. No. 7. Discuss in detail the “Interviewing and Interrogation Techniques” of investigation (2016)
Q. No. 6. Write a comprehensive note on the principles of criminal investigation. Illustrate with examples from Pakistan. (2017)

Monitoring Organizations
Q. No. 7. What is the difference between EUROPOL and INTERPOL? How does EUROPOL assist Member states investigation to control terrorist networks in Europe? (2021)
Q. No. 7. The International Criminal Police Organization- ICPO, INTERPOL was founded in 1914 with the founding principle to coordinate efforts relating to international police cooperation. How do you see the role of INTERPOL for reducing money laundering with special reference to Pakistan? (2020)
Q. No. 7. To what extent Interpol has been successful in reducing organized crime at international level. Discuss (2018)

Forensic Investigation
Q. No. 7. What is meant by forensic criminal investigation? What are the hurdles in streamlining the forensic criminal investigation in Pakistan? (2022)
Q. No. 7. How the forensic science is a helpful tool in the modern day for determining and detection of violent crimes? (2019)

Legal and Ethical Guidelines
Q. No. 6. What are the legal and ethical guidelines for investigating gender-based crimes? Explain your answer with the help of suitable examples. (2022)
Q. No. 7. Elaborate importance of legal and ethical guidelines for the criminal investigation of gender based crimes. Support your answer with example from Pakistani society. (2017)

Section IV

Cyber Crime
Q. No. 8. Write a detailed note on Cyber Crime. (2016) Q. No. 8. Cybercrime is increasing at national and international levels. Suggest some measures to control this kind of crime. (2019)

Crime
Q. No. 9. Write short notes on any TWO of the following: (10 each)
(b) White –collar crime (2016)
Q. No. 9. Write notes on: (10 each)
(b) Gender and Crime (2017)
Q. No. 9. How do violent crimes affect social fabric of Pakistani society? Discuss some of the modern policing strategies for prevention and control of the violent crimes in Pakistan. (2019)

Organized Crime
Q. No. 8. Intelligence-led policing has become an effective model of policing in tackling organized crime. Discuss the background and key principles of intelligence-led policing. (2018)
Q. No. 9. Discuss the role of FIA in controlling organized crimes in Pakistan. (2022)

Law enforcement agencies
Q. No. 8. Write a critical note on the role of law enforcement agencies in the control of terrorism in Pakistan. Suggest measures to minimize radicalization in Pakistan. (2017)
Q. No. 8. Several specific law enforcement strategies fall within the framework of intelligence-led policing. Discuss any four strategies. (2021)

Prevention or Correction Strategies
Q. No. 9. How do violent crimes affect social fabric of Pakistani society? Discuss some of the modern policing strategies for prevention and control of the violent crimes in Pakistan. (2019)
Q. No. 8. Explain the institutional corrections and alternative community corrections strategies in detail. Support your answer with examples where appropriate. (2020)
Q. No. 8. Several specific law enforcement strategies fall within the framework of intelligence-led policing. Discuss any four strategies. (2021)
Q. No. 8. What is the role of community policing in curtailing the problem of crime in Pakistan? (2022)

Money Laundering
Q. No. 9. Write short notes on any TWO of the following: (10 each)
(a) Money laundering (2016)
Q. No. 9. Write notes on: (10 each)
(a) Money-laundering in Pakistan (2017)
Q. No. 9. Discuss the laws and institutional arrangements for controlling money laundering in Pakistan. (2018)
Q. No. 9. (a)What is Trade-Based Money Laundering (TBML)? Discuss with examples. (10 each) (2021)
(b) Do Cryptocurrencies have a high money laundering risk? Discuss. (2021)

Miscellaneous
Q. No. 9. Write short notes on any TWO of the following: (10 each)
(c) Criminal law (2016)
Q. No. 9. Keeping in view the social learning perspective in criminology, discuss how terrorists use the internet as a tool to reinforce their ideology among youth in Pakistan. (2020)
Q. No. 8. What is the role of community policing in curtailing the problem of crime in Pakistan? (2022)